Transformer is the inseparable part of a power system. Proper functioning of transmission and distribution cannot be possible without the transformer. For the stable and proper operation of the power system transformer should be available.
Power Transformer was invented towards the end of nineteenth century. The invention of transformer led to the development of constant power AC supply systems. Before the invention of transformer DC systems were used for the supply of electricity. Installation of the power transformers made the distribution system more flexible and more efficient.
What is a transformer?
Transformer is an electrical device used to convert the voltage of one magnitude to voltage of another magnitude without changing the frequency. The voltage is either stepped up or stepped down with out altering the frequency.
Why are transformers used in the power system??
Transformers are used in the power system in order to step up or step down the voltages. In the transmission end the voltage is stepped up and in the distribution side the voltage is stepped down in order to reduce the power loss (i.e.) copper loss or I2R loss.
The current decreases with increase in voltage. Hence the voltage is stepped up at the transmission end to minimize the transmission losses. At the distribution end the voltage is stepped down to the required voltage in order as per the rating of the required load.
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